Ratchet-drill.



RATCHET DRILL.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 1I. 1917.

Patented Sept. 25, 1917.

2 SHEETS*SHEET I INVENTOR WITNESSES ATTORNEY C. G. W. NITZ.

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APPLICATION FILED- IAN. ll. i917. l v Patented Sept. 25, 1917.

2 SHEETS--SHEET 2.

INVENTOH ATTORNEY WITNESSES UNIE CHARLES Gr. W. NITZ, OF WAWATOSA, WISCONSIN.

RATCHET-DRILL Specification of Letters Patent.

ratentea sept. 25, 1917.

Application filed January 17, 1917. Serial No. 142,908.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, CHARLES G. W. Nrrz, a citizen of the United States, residing at Wauwatosa, in the county of Milwaukee and State of vl/Visconsin, have .invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ratchet-Drills, of which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to ratchet drills, and particularly to that class of tools which are designed to be used manually for rotating a drill by the movement of a handle transversely through the axis of the drill. This invention having for its object to provide a drill of 4such a type with a double ratchet whereby the drilling tool may be caused to rotate in two directions, and' to provide such ratchetl means with a simple device for setting the pawls to optionally rotate the drill in one or the other direction with each movement of the handle; to move the drill with every alternate movement of therhandle, and in the same direction; or to move the drill in -a direction opposite to that in which the handle is moved, the movement of the vhandle being understood t o refer to that movement to which power is applied.

A further object of the invention is to provide a ratchet drill of the type set forth which shall be relatively simple in construction, of few parts and thoroughly strong for the purpose demanded, and which may be adjusted without trouble to cause the drill point 'to move in the direction and in the manner desired.

With the above as the principal objects in view, the invention consists in the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts hereafter described, pointed out in the appended claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein, for the purpose of description, that part of the tool uppermost in Fig. 2 will be called the top and the opposite side the bottom.

In the` drawings- Figure'r 1 is a top plan view of the improved drill, y

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same as seen from theright `of Fig. 1, l

Fig. 3 is a vertical central longitudinal section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 is a transverse horizontal sectional view on the line 4 4 ofv Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a vertical cross sectional view on the-line 5-5 of Fig. 1,

Fig. the line `6--6 of Fig. 3, looking upwardly,

Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view through the lower end of the tool on the line 7-7 of Fig. 5, and

Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of the pawl setting mechanism.

In the drawings, 10 indicates a hollow socket open at its upper end and closed at its lower end from which two or more pins 11 project, said pins being sharpened and designed to penetrate substantially into a backing to hold the socket 10 from rotation when the drill is in operation.

Fitted over the upper end of the socket 10 is a casing 12 that contains the various mechanisms for operating the drill. The casing 12 may be said to consist of two parts, mounted on the socket 10 to vibrate transversely thereon and a projection 14 at one side to which is secured a handle 15 of indefinite length for actuating the casing and through the casing rotating the drill. The casing 12 is closed at its sides and lower end and open at the top, the cylindrical portion 13 being provided with a closure 16, the edge of which is the top of the casing and is provided with a flange 17 at its top, to overhang the side of the casing. The projection 14 of the casing is closed by a plate 18 which may be secured in place by screws 19 or other means passing therethrough and into the sides of the projection.

The socket 10 is provided witha straight longitudinal bore 20 within which is ro-r tatably fitted a straight cylindrical shell 21 adapted to rotate in said bore and project through the top of the socket and through the closure 16 of the casing, the shell turn ing freely in said closure and ispreferably formed with an enlargement 22 on its upper end, and iiat on its top to form a bearing surface for an adjusting nut 23, the use of which will be described later. To enable the shell to turn easily within the socket an antifriction bearing in the form of a ball 24.- is seated ina semi-circular seat in the bottom of the socket and of the shell, the shell being slightly socket at the bottom and upon the ball as shown.

The shell 21 has a straight bore 25 that extends from its upper end normally to the ball 24 within which bore 25 is placed a supported wholly 6 is a horizontal sectional view on a cylindrical portion 13 axially,

threaded to screw linto separated from the mounted in the bottom ofthe chuck 26 having atapered upper -end to receive the similar tapered shank 27 of a drill. The chuck 2651s exteriorly threaded from end to end and uponit is secured the adjusting nut 23 which upon being rotated moves the chuck longitudinally, and thus profvi-des means for feeding the drill when ,v

ratchet Wheel 31 is concentrically arranged'v with respect to the ratchet vvheel 30 just be# lovv the closure 16 ofthe casingl and is rigid with the shell 21, being secured thereto by one or more keys 32 so that upon rotation of the ratchet Wheel 31 the shell will also turn and'ivith the sliell'the chuck`26 and the drill mounted therein." On'the facingside of Ithe ratchet 'Wheels v3 0 and' 3lv are' gear rings. 38'and Y34 of equal ydiameter and pitch, saidgear rings meshing -With tivo pinions 3 5 and e6 site sides' of the upper end ofthe socket and journaled [on pins 37 screwed into the socketnear the ftop, lhaving enlarged heads 38 as sh'ovvn to maink tain the pinions in place. As thus arranged, movement Aofl either ratchet Wheel Vin one direction Will, `through the pinions 3 5 and 36, lcause a rotation of Wheel in yal reverse direction.

Movement 4is imparted to the ratchet Wheels 30 and, 3l by means of paivl's pivoted in the casing"`12, there being tivo pawls 40 and 4'1 adapted to actuate the ratchet Wheel i30 and tvvolike pawls42 and 43 to engage the upper ratchet Wheel 31. The pavvl 42 is immediately above the pavvl 40 and both are' mounted to rock on a pin or shaft 44 seated at-'its lower endinv the bottomI of the casing extension 14 and the closure 18 therefor.` Pawls 41 and 43 are similarly mountedto rock on a vertical shaft 45 supported in the same manner. The

vshafts 44 and 45 are spaced apart a short distance and the pavvls extend therefrom to- War'dthe ratchet Wheels at a dovvnvvardly eX`- tendino' angle as clearly l,shown in Fig. 4,y

b' v v l thereby permitting shifting meansv being placed betweeny said pavvls.

The shifting means of thepresent invention 4comprises a vertical shaft 46 rotatably casing 'eXtension '14 and the closure; 18 'projectiiig through said closure, finished With a thumb ynut orv disk 47 byV means of .which thel shaft be turned are adapted to slideea'silv.

dia'metrically disposed on oppo` said pins preferably the other vra tchet v at its upper end in' the drill Which .spring 55 dra'WiDeop ,free endy ofi the latter to engagelthe upper its'v upper end being i VFixed on the lloiver endiof the shaft 46= is a disk 48 between the pavvls 40 and 41. A similar` disk 49 ,Secured to the shaft between the pavvls 42 and 48. vEach of said Adisks is provided With peripheral notches 50k and 51, respectively, notches 50 serving to receive lugs 52 onthe pavvls40 and 41, the notches 51 in the upper disk coperating with lugs 53 on the inner faces of the pavvls 42 and 43. Between the lower pawls is acontractile Spring 54;,"al similar spriuzigl 5.5, Connecting the' H'PPGF PlWlS.; 'thel Springs serviisig to', hold the pavvls at all ,tirnes in, Contact `with the disks`48 and`49, and'vvhe'n ever a notch 50 or 51 alines with a Vlug l52 or 53 one lor the .other of said contractile springs will dravv the' paWl carrying'said lug inwardly across the4 free, end= of the pavvl toeiigalge ratchet vvheel. To indicate to the o'perLOlthe' 'position of the pavvl, the shaft 4 6 isr provided with a `pointer 56k that rotates with said'shaft overa scale on lthe upper side of the `closure 18 and thus ,points `out to the foperator'vvhich fof the paswls4 are in Yengagement with the ratchet" Wheels andthe ,-mvenelt to be. pected ofthe drill upontransverse move? ment of the handle 15. "As indicated in the drawing, ythe drill is set to turn tothe iight with each forvvard 'and backward movement of the handle. The shifter lmay be furtherA turned into such position as tto act on the pavvls to cause their engagement `vvith the ratchet `vvl`ieel for the p'urpos'eof turning,- the drill tothe left With each double, move# ment of the handle, and upon further turning of the shifter to cause-movement pf. the drill to theright o r the left when thehandle is moved in olnedirection only. In the'operation of theptool a. `drill-shank 27 is seated` in the chuck 2,6fand the point of said drill placed usual manner andl tightlyl held in" p laeeby a backfingjthat hears'upon the points 11.

By this means the drill Will be heldlirmlyl in place and maybe placedas represented in the drawing horizontally or at .any angle, desired. The operator then vmoves the handle 15V baok and forthahout theairis of to engage ythe''ratchet tently rotate the drill. Rotating, the'f nut the drill in usual. manner.

When the pavvls are set as shown in the drawing, particularly in Fig. 8, it Willbe noted that theshaft4 46 of the shifting device is turned into` such position'thatthe lug 53l on the paivl 42,is.alined with anotch in the disk 49, andas a conseol'uence,l the said pavvl= causes the,

lside of the shaft is alined withl a causes such pavvls as arey set- VWheels and v intermitagainstfthe'y Work in tlie `23Qals the drill outs .causes the adyancel ,rection, there being a notch in disk 4:8, and as a consequence said latter pawl is'in operative engagement with the lower ratchet wheel 30. As a result of this position of pawls al Vand l2 movement of the handle 15 in either. direction will through the pivoted connection of .said pawls ,with the handle rotate the upper ratchet wheel to the right or clockwise when moved in one direction and cause a reverse rotation of the lower" ratchet wheel 30 when the handle is moved in the opposite direction. This latter movement, however, being imparted to a ratchet wheel rotatable loosely about the socket 10, will through the pinions 35 and 36 cause the upper ratchet 31 to continue its movement to the right which ratchet being keyed to the shell 21 and the latter to the chuck 26, rotary motion will be imparted to the drill.

Should it be desired to rotate the drill in the opposite direction, the shaft 4:6 would be turned sufliciently to cause the pawls 4l() and d3 to engage the ratchet wheels 30 and 3l, thus causing the drill to be turned to the left or counter-clockwise by the same movement of the handle. Other movements of the shaft L16 will so operate upon the disks 48 and 49 as to cause them to engage the ratchet wheel and cause a movement only when the handle is moved in one dislip of the ratchet during the opposite movement of the handle.

I claim:

1. The combination in a ratchet drill, of a chuck, a ratchet wheel keyed to said chuck, a second ratchet wheel concentric with the first ratchet and rotatable freely about said chuck, gearing between said ratchet wheels for causing their rotation in opposite `directions, an operating handle adapted to rotate about said chuck, two pairs of pawls carried by said handle, each pair adapted to cooperate with one of said ratchet wheels, and rotating means carried by said handle for moving said pawls into and out of engagement with the ratchet wheels.

2. The combination in a ratchet drill, ofa chuck, a ratchet wheel keyed to said chuck, a second ratchet wheel concentric with the first ratchet wheel and rotatable freely about said chuck, a gear ring on each ratchet wheel, a pinion meshing with said gear rings, a pair of pawls adapted to operate each of said ratchet-wheels, an operating` handle turning on said chuck and supporting said pawls, a contractile spring between each of said pairs of pawls, a rotatable shifting device between each pair of pawls, a. shaft turning in said handle to which said shifting devices are secured and by mean-.s of which said pawls are moved into and out of engagement with the ratchet wheels.

3. The combination in a ratchet drill, of a socket, a chuck mounted to rotate freely within said socket, a ratchet wheel keyed to said chuck, a second ratchet wheel concentric with the first ratchet wheel and freely rotatable about the chuck, a gear ring on each of said ratchet wheels, a pinion meshing with said gear rings for causing opposite rotation thereof, bearing pins projectting from said socket upon which said pinions rotate freely, pawls adapted to be moved into operative engagement with each of said ratchet wheels, and shifting means for optionally moving said pawls to engage the ratchet wheels and vary the movement of the chuck.

fl. The combination in a ratchet drill, of a socket, a chuck mounted to rotate freely within said socket, means for moving said chuck longitudinally as desired, a ratchet wheel keyed to said chuck for rotating the same, a second ratchet wheel concentric with the first ratchet wheel and rotatable freely about said chuck, a gear ring on each of said ratchet wheels, a pinion meshing with said gear rings for causing opposite rotation of said ratchet wheels, bearing pins projecting from said socket for rotatably supporting said pinions, a pair of pawls .movable into engagement with each ratchet wheel for causing rotation thereof, and a rotatable shifting device between each pair of pawls for optionally engaging one or the other with said ratchet wheel to vary the movement of the chuck.

5. rllie combination in a ratchet drill, of a casing, a socket projecting from one side of said casing and rotatable therein, a chuck longitudinally movable in said socket, a pair of ratchet wheels surrounding said chuck, one of which is keyed thereto, a gear ring on the facing side of each ratchet wheel, pinions meshing with said gear rings for causing opposite rotation of said ratchet wheels, bearing means projecting from said socket for rotatably supporting said pinion-s, a pair of pawls for each ratchet wheel mounted within said casing, and a shifting device operable on said pawls for optionally moving the same into engagement with the ratchet wheels to vary the movement of the chuck.

6. The combination in a ratchet drill, of a casing, a socket projecting from one side of said casing and rotatable therein, a shell rotatably supported at one end in said socket and projecting at its opposite end through the casing, a threaded chuck slidable longitudinally in said shell and extending beyond the outer end of the same, a ratchet wheel keyed on said shell, a similar ratchet wheel loose about the socket, a gearing between said ratchet wheels, a pair of pawls for each ratchet wheel, and a shifting mechanism for optionally engaging the pawls with the ratchet wheels to vary the movement of the chuck.

7. The combination in a ratchet drill, of

a casing, a socket projecting from .one side of lsaid casing and rotatable therein, a shell concentric and rotatably mounted Within said socket and projecting from the opposite sides of said casing, a threaded chuck freely slidable in a longitudinal vdirection in said shell and extending beyond the outer end of the same, means between Said shell and said chuck for causing rotation of the latter when the shell is turned, an adjustable nut threaded on said chuck .for moving the latter longitudinally7 a ratchet Wheel keyed on said shell, a similar ratchet Wheel loose upon the socket, gearing 4between said ratchet Wheels, a pair of pawls for each 15 lratchet Wheel, and shifting mechanism for CHARLES G. W. N ITZ. Witnesses:

CHARLES N I'rz, C. J. GROOTEMAAT.

Cppies o f this patent may rhe obtained for five cents each, by addressing .the Cbmmissioner of Patents.

` Washington, D. C. 

